Effect and Clinical Significance of Bortezomib and Thalidomide on the Memory T Cells Subsets and Regulatory T Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Multiple Myeloma / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of bortezomib(BTZ) and thalidomide(TM) on peripheral blood memory T-cells (T) and regulatory T cells(Tregs) in patients with multiple myeloma(MM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Eighty-six MM patients received 2 courses of chemotherapy were divided into effective (partial response at least) group (63 cases) and ineffective (no partial response) group (17 cases) according to therapeutic efficacy; these 80 patients were divided into BTZ group (38 cases) and TM group (42 cases) yet according to therapeutic regimens, 20 newly diagnosed MM patients were used as baseline group, 30 healthy volunteers were used as healthy control group. The T subsets and Treg in peripheral blood of each groups were detected by flow cytometry.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The CD4 central memory T cells (CD4 T) percentage of CD4 T, the CD18 T percentage of CD18T and ratio of CD8 T and CD8 effector memory T cells (T) (CD8 T/T) in baseline group were all significantly lower than those in healthy control group (P<0.05). After treatment with BTZ regimen or TM regimen, the CD8T percentage of CD8 T in effective group significantly increased to level of healthy control group (P<0.05); the Treg cell level in effective and in effective groups was not significantly different from that in baseline group(P>0.05), but the Treg percentage of CD4 cells ineffective group was significantly higher than that in baseline group and ineffective group (P<0.05). According to ROC curve, the critical value of CD8T/T for predicting chemotherapeutic response was 0.27 with sensitivity of 57.1% and specificity of 94.1%.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>When MM patients are in an immuno-exhanstive status, the treatment with BTZ or TM both can reverse the immuno-inhibitory status of MM patients, moreover, does not affect the Treg cell count; the Treg percentage in BTZ and TM effective groups both are significantly higher than that in baseline group and ineffective group. The ratio of CD8T/T contributes to evaluating the chemotherapeutic efficacy.</p>

Effects of Aconitum coreanum polysaccharides on TGF-β induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition and its mechanisms / 中国药理学通报

Aim To investigate the protective effect of Aconitum coreanum polysaccharides ( ACP) on TGF-β induced endothelial-mesenchymal transition ( EndMT) and its underlying mechanism. Methods HUVECs EndMT model was reproduced by 10 μg·L-1 TGF-β cultured for 72 h in vitro. The effect of ACP(50, 100, 200 mg·L-1) at various concentrations on TGF-β in-duced EndMT of HUVECs was explored. CCK8 assay was employed to detect the cell viability of HUVECs stimulated by ACP. Scratch test was used to analyze the migration ability of cells. The expressions of CD31, α-SMA, Smad2/3, p-Smad2/3 were deter-mined by Western blot. Results CCK-8 assay showed that various concentrations of ACP could promote HU-VECs viability obviously by 10 μg·L-1 TGF-β cul- tured for 36 h. Scratch test showed that TGF-β en-hanced transfer ability of HUVECs significantly, while this case was apparently reversed under the costimula-tion of TGF-β and ACP. Western blot showed that CD31 expression decreased significantly, and the ex-pressions of α-SMA, p-Smad2, p-Smad3 increased significantly, and this phenomenon could be regressed with ACP. Conclusion ACP can inhibit EndMT in HUVECs induced by TGF-β clearly, and the mecha-nism is related to down-regulation of p-Smad2, p-Smad3.

Establishment and Management of Multiple Myeloma Specimen Bank Applied for Molecular Biological Researches / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a multiple myeloma specimen bank applied for molecular biological researches and to explore the methods of specimen collection, transportation, storage, quality control and the management of specimen bank.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Bone marrow and blood samples were collected from multiple myeloma patients, plasma cell sorting were operated after the separation of mononuclear cells from bone marrow specimens. The plasma cells were divided into 2 parts, one was added with proper amount of TRIzol and then kept in -80 °C refrigerator for subsequent RNA extraction, the other was added with proper amount of calf serum cell frozen liquid and then kept in -80 °C refrigerator for subsequent cryopreservation of DNA extraction after numbered respectively. Serum and plasma were separated from peripheral blood, specimens of serum and plasma were then stored at -80 °C refrigerator after registration. Meantime, the myeloma specimen information management system was established, managed and maintained by specially-assigned persons and continuous modification and improvement in the process of use as to facilitate the rapid collection, management, query of the effective samples and clinical data.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 244 portions plasma cells, 564 portions of serum, and 1005 portions of plasma were collected, clinical characters were documented.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A multiple myeloma specimen bank have been established initially, which can provide quality samples and related clinical information for molecular biological research on multiple myeloma.</p>

Application Value of CD138 MACS-FISH in the Genetic Diagnosis of Plasma Cell Dyscrasia / 中国实验血液学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the cytogenetic characteristics of the various plasma cell dyscrasia using the CD138 MACS-FISH, to elucidate the application value of MACS-FISH in the genetic diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia, and to explore the standardization of FISH detection for plasma cell dyscrasia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 232 patients with newly diagnosed plasma cell dyscrasia were collected, including 203 cases of MM, 24 cases of AL amyloidosis and 5 cases of MGUS, whose cytogenetic abnormalities were detected by MACS-FISH, and the differences of the positive detection rates of chromosome karyotype analysis, C-FISH and MACS-FISH in MM cytogenetic abnormality were compared. The sensitivity of C-FISH and MACS-FISH were analyzed and compared according to the proportion of bone marrow plasma cells. The correlation between the positive cell rates of C-FISH and MACS-FISH and the proportion of plasma cells were analyzed respectively. The differences in the clone size detected by C-FISH and MACS-FISH were compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The incidence of cytogenetic abnormality of MM, AL amyloidosis and MGUS detected by MACS-FISH were 85.9%, 62.5%, 60%, respectively. The incidence rate of MM cytogenetic abnormality detected by Chromosome karyotype analysis and C-FISH were 20.0% and 64.7%, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of MACS-FISH(P<0.001). The positive rate of 14q32 translocation, del(14q32), t(11;14), +17p13 and the coexistence of 2 and ≥3 kinds of cytogenetic abnormalities detected by MACS-FISH were significantly higher than that detected by C-FISH(P<0.05). When the plasma cell ratio was less than or equal to 5%, the positive detection rate of MACS-FISH was significantly higher than that of C-FISH (P=0.001), and there was no significant difference in different plasma cell proportion group of MACS-FISH. However, when the plasma cell ratio was less than or equal to 5%, the positive detection rate of C-FISH detection was significantly lower than that of the other 3 groups (P=0.013,P=0.001,P<0.001). The positive cell rates of all cytogenetic abnormalities in C-FISH group and +1q21 and 14q32 translocation in MACS-FISH group were significantly positively correlated with the proportion of plasma cells(P<0.05). The clone size of various cytogenetic abnormalities in MACS-FISH group were significantly higher than that in C-FISH group(P<0.001).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>MACS-FISH may significantly enhance the detection rate of cytogenetic abnormalities in various plasma cell dyscrasia, and it can better reflect the cytogenetic abnormality of plasma cell dyscrasia and its clone size. MACS-FISH may be recommended as a standard method for the genetic diagnosis of plasma cell dyscrasia, the risk stratification of MM and SMM, as well as the genetic diagnosis and research of MGUS and AL amyloidosis.</p>

Research progress on multiple myeloma immunophenotyping and minimal residual disease detected by flow cytometry / 中国实验血液学杂志

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a haematological malignancy characterized by the accumulation of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow and remained incurable. Flow cytometry has been widely used in the detection of immunophenotype and minimal residual disease, diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of MM. Normal plasma cells and malignant plasma cells can be distinguished according to different cell surface antigen expression. The clinical significane of many immune markes has been elucidated. However, the clinical significance of some phenotype remains controversial, the detection scheme and gating strategy are not unified. This review discusses the recent research progress on detection of MM immunophenotype and minimal residual disease by flow cytovetry.

Pathogenesis of plaque destabilization induced by PM2.5 exposure and coping strategies / 中国中药杂志

With the increasingly more serious environmental pollution in China in recent years, effective intervention with PM25-induced health risks has become a major scientific issue to be addressed urgently in medical research field in China. NOD-like receptors (NLRs) are a family of cytoplasmic pattern-recognition receptors that have critical roles in innate immunity. On the basis of study progresses in international cardiovascular disease research "Fine particulate matter exposure is a modifiable risk factor for the morbidity and mortality of cardiovascular diseases", and with reference to the current understanding of pulmonary inflammation and oxidative stress in PM2.5-induced acute coronary syndrome, this study intended to investigate whether intracellular pattern recognition NL-RP3 plays a important role in the inital event of PM2.5 induced vessel inflammation as a foreign matter in the process of plaque destabilization and to thoroughly explore the underlying mechanisms responsible for PM2.5-induced acute cardiovascular events. On the other hand, it also studies the feasibility of using traditional Chinese medicine to treat plaque destabilization cause by PM2.5 exposure and discuss it's pathogenesis and intervention strategy based on TCM theory. This paper in order to provide scientific basis for social focal issues in public health proactively and offers the references for relevant research.

Mongolian medicine cha gan beng ga regulated activity of biomarker PGC-1α / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulation of Cha Gan Beng Ga on the activity of biomarker PGC-1α in vivo and in vitro, and lay the foundation for studying the efficacy result of Cha Gan Beng Ga on xenograft tumor model and extracting active constituents.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>(1) The coarse powder of Cha Gan Beng Ga was extracted with 70% ethanol solution through heating and refluxing, and finally was used to freeze dry powder. (2) 50 mg x kg(-1) of freeze-dried power was orally administrated to KM and C57BL/6J mice once daily, lasting for 5 consecutive days; different concentrations of extracted materials was given to non-small cell lung cells A549. (3) The expression level of PGC-1α mRNA was quantitatively determined in lung tissue of mice and non-small cell lung cells A549.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The expression levels of PGC-1α in lung tissue of different mice strains had an increasing tendency. Furthermore, the expression levels of PGC-1α in non-small cell lung cells A549 also had an increasing tendency, showing dose and time-dependent relationships.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mongolian Medicine Cha Gan Beng Ga could induce the over-expression of PGC-1α mRNA in lung tissue of mice and in non-small cell lung cells A549. The present results will lay foundation for studying the efficacy result of antitumor and active constitutes in future.</p>